Our disposal of materials containing heavy metals – a long list which includes paint, electronic waste, and sewage – also contributes to the burden of heavy metal contamination. In this acidic medium, they are oxidized to their various oxidative states (Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As2+, As3+, Ag+, Hg2+, etc.) Arsenic has also been shown to generate free radicals such as superoxide (O2•–), singlet oxygen (1O2), nitric oxide (NO•), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the peroxyl radical (ROO•) [32], dimethylarsinic peroxyl radicals ((CH3)2AsOO•) and also the dimethylarsinic radical ((CH3)2As•) [33] in some studies though the mechanism for the generation of all these reactive species remains unclear. This indicates dysfunction of presynaptic neuron signalization in the hippocampus as a result of lead exposure [60]. Meat is rich in iron and thus meat eating countries are at risk of cancer as excess iron uptake increases the risk of cancer. Chronic arsenic toxicity which is termed arsenicosis usually focus on skin manifestations such as pigmentation and keratosis [81]. Thus, cadmium exposure can cause renal dysfunction and kidney disease. Mercury exposure can harm the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, and immune system of people of all ages. Lead is highly toxic and hence its use in various products, such as paints, gasoline, etc., has been considerably reduced nowadays. 60-DAY HMD™ ULTIMATE DETOX (TWO MONTH SUPPLY), 90 Day HMD™ ULTIMATE DETOX PACK (THREE MONTH SUPPLY), SUPER ULTIMATE DETOX PACK (ONE MONTH SUPPLY), 60-DAY SUPER ULTIMATE DETOX PACK (TWO MONTH SUPPLY), 90-DAY SUPER ULTIMATE DETOX PACK (THREE MONTH SUPPLY), HMD™ ANTIOXIDANT DETOX PACK (ONE MONTH SUPPLY), HMD™ 60-DAY ANTIOXIDANT PACK (TWO MONTHS SUPPLY), HMD™ 90-DAY ANTIOXIDANT PACK (THREE MONTHS SUPPLY), HMD™ SUPER ANTIOXIDANT DETOX PACK (ONE MONTH SUPPLY), 60-DAY HMD™ SUPER ANTIOXIDANT DETOX PACK (TWO MONTHS SUPPLY), 90-DAY HMD™ SUPER ANTIOXIDANT DETOX PACK (THREE MONTHS SUPPLY), HMD™ CHLORELLA TRIPACK (THREE MONTHS SUPPLY), MEGA HMD™ CHLORELLA PACK (10 BOTTLE PACK), HMD™ HAIR MINERAL ANALYSIS AND TOXIC METALS TEST, Scientific Research on Natural Heavy Metal Chelators: Testing What Works. This has been further supported in electrophysiological studies in which recombinant receptors for the subunits have shown NR2A-NMDARs to be more potently inhibited by lead than NR2B-NMDARs [55]. Exposure of extremely high doses of chromium (VI) compounds to humans can result in severe cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and neurological effects and possibly death [91]. Lead has major effects on different parts of the body. Vanadium is a heavy metal that occurs in various oxidative states and has been shown to generate free radical. Cadmium initially binds to blood cells and albumin, and subsequently binds to metallothionein in kidney and liver tissue. 2.6. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Exposure to higher amounts of chromium compounds in humans can lead to the inhibition of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, which in turn lowers the capacity to reduce methemoglobin to hemoglobin. However, in its free state, iron is one of the heavy metals generally known to generate hydroxyl radical (OH•) as shown below by the Fenton reaction. Lead poisoning can be either acute or chronic. The disruption of ATP synthesis by manganese leads to decreased intracellular ATP levels and generation of free radicals thereby increasing oxidative stress [68] which may contribute to manganese cellular toxicity [69]. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, and their inorganic compounds, are probably the most potentially toxic metals in the environment. Also, cadmium can cause testicular degeneration and a potential risk factor for prostate cancer. MMT has been claimed to be an occupational manganese hazard and linked with the development of Parkinson’s disease-like syndrome of tremour, gait disorder, postural instability, and cognitive disorder [95]. Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Certain pesticides, fertilizers and animal feeding operations also release arsenic to the environment in higher amounts. Drinking water may be contaminated with arsenic which is present in wood preservatives, herbicides, pesticides, fungicides and paints [10]. Also, AP-1 and NF-κB family of transcription factors are involved in both cell proliferation and apoptosis, and also regulate p53. In vitro studies have shown arsenic to alter the expression of p53 protein which also led to decreased expression of p21, one downstream target [38]. More so, the industrial products such as paints, cosmetics, pesticides, and herbicides also serve as sources of heavy metals. Lead is a slightly bluish, bright silvery metal in a dry atmosphere. Therefore, it may get into the soil and flow into water bodies which can be taken up by plants and hence human exposure of lead may also be through food or drinking water [12]. In the earth crust, these heavy metals are present in ores which are recovered during mining activities as minerals. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years. Exposure to elevated levels of metallic, inorganic and organic mercury can damage the kidney, brain and developing fetus [86] while methyl mercury is highly carcinogenic. Zeolite is a hydrated aluminosilicate with symmetrically stacked aluminium (Al2O3) and silica tetrahedra (SiO2) which result in... read more, Heavy Metal Detox Smoothie
By Enoch F. Sam, David K. Blay, Samuel Antwi, Constance Anaafi and Juliet A. Adoma. A value of intake of heavy metals in human diets was also calculated to estimate the risk to human health. Human activity introduces heavy metals (such as cadmium, arsenic and mercury) to our soils through mining, smelting, industry, agriculture and burning fossil fuels. This research aims at reviewing the presence of heavy metals in drinking water and their possible health effects. What a perfect combination! Food chain polluted with toxic metals and metalloids is a significant path of human exposure and thus may cause a number of hazardous effects on human health. Health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans. Heavy metal and human health 1. Increased exposure of mercury can alter brain functions and lead to shyness, tremors, memory problems, irritability, and changes in vision or hearing. Heavy metals have been used in many different areas for thousands of years. For example, the tumor suppressor gene-coded DNA was suppressed when arsenic was bound to methyl-transferase [41]. These metals have hardly any These metals have hardly any biological role to play in the human body but on the contrary their toxic effect causes malfunctioning of the body system. Organic mercury can easily permeate across the biomembranes and since they are lipophilic in nature, mercury is present in higher concentrations in most species of fatty fish and in the liver of lean fish. Symptoms of organic mercury poisoning include depression, memory problems, tremors, fatigue, headache, hair loss, etc. Heavy metal contamination in drinking water poses a threat to humans and is often the root cause of various severe health issues such as cancer and organ damage. Smokers are more susceptible for cadmium intoxication than non-smokers. Some health-care practitioners recommend the use of pharmaceutical methods, including substances that bind to – or chelate – the heavy metal and hasten its removal from the body. Lead is used for the production of batteries, cosmetics, metal products such as ammunitions, solder and pipes, etc. Heavy metals are thus commonly defined as those having a specific density of more than 5 g/cm3. Mercury can exist in a gaseous form thus it can be inhaled. It is used in the production of batteries, nickel-plated jewelry, machine parts, nickel plating on metallic objects, manufacture of steel, cigarette smoking, wire, electrical parts, etc. More so, lead exposure also impairs two postsynaptic currents; inhibitory post synaptic currents (IPSCs) and excitatory post synaptic currents (EPSCs) which are dependent on the release of presynaptic neurotransmitter such as glutamate and GABA. More so, the carcinogenic effects of certain heavy metals have been related to the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as AP-1, NF-κB and p53 through the recycling of electrons by antioxidant network. The fourth and final stage usually occurs within 2–6 weeks of iron overdose. Thus, protein damaged are usually metal-catalyzed and involves oxidative scission, bityrosine cross links, loss of histidine residues, the introduction of carbonyl groups, and the formation of protein-centered alkyl (R•), alkoxyl (RO•) and alkylperoxyl (ROO•) radicals [25]. This website uses cookies and asks your personal data to enhance your browsing experience. So, what is the best way of getting rid of toxic metals naturally? Heavy metal toxicity has proved to be a major threat as several health risks are associated with it. OH• is capable of reacting with biological molecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA damaging them. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Environmental Pollution of the Soil by Heavy Metals at a Dumpsite Located at Esuk Utan, Calabar, CRS, Nigeria. has been cited by the following article: Article. It has also been demonstrated that nickel can generate free radicals, which contributes to carcinogenic processes [45]. It is a byproduct of zinc production. The contamination chain of heavy metals almost usually follows this cyclic order: from industry, to the atmosphere, soil, water and foods then human [8]. Heavy metals exist all around us in our water, air and soil. Nickel has an extensive range of carcinogenic mechanisms which include regulation of transcription factors, controlled expression of certain genes and generation of free radicals. Long-term exposure can lead to the formation of skin lesions, pulmonary disease, neurological problems, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease [82]. These transcription factors control the expression of protective genes that induce apoptosis, arrest the proliferation of damaged cells, repair damaged DNA and power the immune system [22]. Inactivation of p53 allows uncontrolled cell division and thus p53 gene disruption has been associated with most human cancers. Acute exposure mainly occurs in the place of work and in some manufacturing industries which make use of lead. These are all naturally occurring substances … *Address all correspondence to: engwagodwill@gmail.com. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (arsenic is a metalloid, but is usually classified as a heavy metal). Composting is very cheap and reliable techniques for the solid waste containing organic matter. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. This metal is added to gasoline as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) and thus, gasoline fumes contain a very toxic form of manganese [19]. If the compost contains contaminants such as heavy metal then it is harm to environment. How do heavy metals get into our food chain? A school of thought produced a mechanism for iron-induced cancer whereby bile acids (deoxycholic acid), iron(II) complexes, vitamins K and oxygen interact to generate free radicals which induced oncogenic effect in the colon. Inhibition of thiol transferases lead to increased oxidative stress and cell damage. Metals and mental health. 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