After trials of the new gun, which were witnessed by both the Japanese Navy and Royal Navy, the Japanese made the decision on 29 Nov 1911 to use the new gun despite the keel having already been laid down on 17 January 1911, and the resulting need to quickly make a large number of alterations to the design, so as to not prolong the construction. [1] The deck armour ranged from 1.5 to 2.75 inches (38 to 70 mm). On the return voyage, they made a port visit at Piraeus where they were visited by King George I of Greece and his son, Crown Prince Constantine. The Kongō-class battlecruiser (金剛型巡洋戦艦 Kongō-gata jun'yōsenkan ) was a class of four battlecruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) immediately before World War I. [2], The design of the Kongō-class battlecruisers came about as a result of the IJN's modernization programs, as well as the perceived need to compete with the British Royal Navy. (Model kits manufactured by Fujimi) These four sister ships were the first modern battlecruisers in the Japanese arsenal. Kongō (金剛, Kongō) was the lead ship of the Kongō-class ironclad corvettes built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the 1870s. Swanston, Alexander & Swanston, Malcolm (2007). Kongō was the last Japanese capital ship constructed outside Japan. Lengerer, Hans (September 2007). During the late 1920s, all but Hiei were reconstructed and reclassified as battleships. Lengerer, Hans (March 2007). She was designed by British naval engineer George Thurston and was built in Cumbria, England in 1913. [27] The turret armour was strengthened to 10 inches (254 mm), while 4 inches (102 mm) were added to portions of the deck armour. [40][45] While trying to evade an attack at 14:00, Hiei lost her emergency rudder and began to show a list to stern and starboard. [5], The final design of the battlecruisers resulted in an improved version of the Lion class, displacing an estimated 27,940 tonnes (27,500 long tons). [9], Kongō was fitted with three 172-millimeter (6.8 in) Krupp rifled breech-loading (RBL) guns and six RBL 152-millimeter (6.0 in) Krupp guns. On 5 October the sisters departed Shinagawa for Kobe to pick up the 69 survivors of the wrecked Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul and continued on to Constantinople, Turkey, to return them to their homeland. [7] Kirishima joined her sister ships in escorting naval sorties against Ceylon. Just better. [3] In September 1929, she began her first major reconstruction. [6] During her sea trials on 7 December 1877, the ship reached a maximum speed of 13.73 knots (25.43 km/h; 15.80 mph), enough to earn the builder a bonus of £300. After participating in the Battles of the Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz, Kirishima joined Hiei in a night attack on 13 November 1942. [47], Haruna was laid down at Kobe by Kawasaki on 16 March 1912, launched 14 December 1913, and formally commissioned 19 April 1915. The ship displaced 2,248 long tons (2,284 t) and had a crew of 22 officers and 212 enlisted men. The design of the ships was from Vickers Design 472C (corresponding to the Japanese design designation B-46). On 10 July a formal ceremony was held in Yokohama for the receipt of the ship that was attended by the Meiji Emperor and many senior government officials. [15] Haruna bombarded American positions at Henderson Field at Guadalcanal, and provided escort to carriers during the Solomon Islands campaign. They were designed to produce a total of 65,000 shaft horsepower (48,000 kW), using steam provided by 36 Yarrow or Kampon water-tube boilers, with working pressures ranging from 17.1 to 19.2 atm (1,733 to 1,945 kPa; 251 to 282 psi). She had a displacement of 37,187 tons, length of 728 ft 4 in (222 m), beam of 101 ft 8 in (31m), draft of 31 ft 10 in (9.7m) and a speed of 30 knots (56 kmph). [31][37][40] All of her armour and most of her armament were removed under the restrictions of the treaty and carefully preserved. 1913年就役、1944年戦没。. [15] These upgraded boilers gave the Kongō and her sister ships much greater power, with the ships of the class capable of speeds exceeding 30.5 knots (56.5 km/h; 35.1 mph). [40] After undergoing minor reconstructions in 1924 and 1927, Hiei was demilitarized in 1929 to avoid being scrapped under the terms of the Washington Treaty; she was converted to a training ship in Kure from 1929 to 1932. Lengerer, Hans (September 2006). "The IJN’s First Warship Order to a Foreign Country: Armoured Frigate Fusô and Belted Corvettes Kongô and Hiei – Part II". The Kongō-class battlecruisers were designed with the intention of maximizing speed and maneuverability, and as such were not as heavily armoured as later Japanese capital ships. On 8 December 1941, Haruna provided heavy support for the invasion of Malaya and Singapore. [3][37] Kongō and an escort, Urakaze, were sunk northwest of Taiwan on 21 November 1944 by the submarine USS Sealion, after being hit on the port bow by two or three torpedoes. Kongo was sunk by a US submarine in November 1944. Hiei and Kirishima were both lost during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November 1942, while Haruna and Kongō jointly bombarded the American Henderson Field airbase on Guadalcanal. [N 4] Her superstructure was rebuilt, and she received extensive upgrades to armour, propulsion, and waterline bulges. During the brief Japanese occupation of Taiwan in 1874 tensions heightened between China and Japan and the possibility of war caused the Japanese government to realize that it needed to reinforce its navy. [7] She carried enough coal to steam 3,100 nautical miles (5,700 km; 3,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Following Japan's withdrawal from the treaty, all four underwent a massive second reconstruction in the late 1930s. Japanese ironclad Kongō. [4] Completed by 1915, they were considered the first modern battlecruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. [19] Kongō made the 1900 cruise to Manila, Hong Kong and Australia from 21 February to 30 July and both ships made the 1902 cruise, their last, to Manila and Australia from 19 February to 25 August. The ship did not participate in the Battle of the Yalu River in September, but was present during the Battle of Weihaiwei in January–February 1895. The engine was designed to produce 2,500 indicated horsepower (1,900 kW) to give the Kongō-class ironclads a speed of 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph). [11] The battlecruisers were designed to reach a speed of 27.5 knots (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph) and all of them exceeded that speed on their sea trials. [3][30] In either August[33] or November 1941,[30] she was assigned to the Third Battleship Division with her three sister ships, and sailed on 29 November as part of the main body—four fast battleships, three heavy cruisers, eight destroyers—for the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore. 日本語: 戦艦・金剛 。. [4] She had a forward draft of 18 feet (5.5 m) and drew 19 feet (5.8 m) aft. [37][40][42] She participated in carrier actions against Ceylon and Midway Island, and was subsequently drydocked in July. Britain itself was in a great arms race with Germany. Her new top speed of 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h) qualified her as a fast battleship. The ship was opened for tours by the nobility, their families and invited guests for three days after the ceremony. She was launched about a year and a half later (1 December 1913) and transferred to Sasebo Naval Arsenal for fitting out. After the signing of the London Naval Treaty in 1930, Hiei was reconfigured as a training ship to avoid being scrapped. After serving as a transport and support-ship during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Kirishima escorted the aircraft carrier strikeforce bound for the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Laid down January 17, 1911 as the last major Japanese warship to be built overseas for Japan. 3D model Armor model Modules scheme. During the second reconstruction, the ships were fitted with four to eight twin 13.2 mm (0.52 in) machine-guns, later replaced by 25-millimeter (0.98 in) gun mounts. 20 January 1945: Removed from the Navy List. [3], On 1 June 1935, Kongō's second reconstruction began. In 1943, she deployed as part of a larger force on multiple occasions to counter the threat of American carrier strikes, but did not actively participate in a single battle. Making stops at Alexandria, Port Said, Aden, Colombo, Singapore and Hong Kong, the sisters arrived at Shinagawa on 10 May where Kongō resumed her training duties. The Kongō-class battlecruiser (金剛型巡洋戦艦, Kongō-gata jun'yōsenkan) was a class of four battlecruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) immediately before World War I. Kongō was launched on 17 April 1877; the wife of a secretary in the Japanese Legation cut the retaining rope with a hammer and chisel. [5], Kongō had a single two-cylinder double-expansion horizontal return connecting-rod steam engine, driving a single propeller using steam from six cylindrical boilers. IJN Kongo had an impressive main battery consisting of eight 356mm guns (36cm/45 (14 inch) 41st year type (model 1908) weighing in at 86,000KG per gun (688,000KG in just main batteries alone). Each of these guns had a maximum elevation of +75 degrees, and could fire a 6 kg (13 lb) projectile with a muzzle velocity of 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s) to a maximum height of 7,500 metres (24,600 ft). In 1911 the Imperial Japanese Diet (Teikoku-gikai) passed funds to support the Naval Emergency Expansion Bill that authorized the design and construction of a battleship and four battlecruisers. The ship returned to active duty during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95 where she participated in the Battle of Weihaiwei. [4] The ironclad was barque-rigged and had a sail area of 14,036 square feet (1,304 m2). [13][14] During their 1930s reconstructions into fast battleships, the existing boilers were removed and replaced with eleven oil-fired Kampon boilers. A special Type 3 Sanshikidan incendiary shrapnel shell was developed in the 1930s for anti-aircraft use.[17]. It is available at lvl 24. [1] Her sister ships, Haruna, Kirishima and Hiei, were all completed in Japan. [52] She was subsequently raised and broken up for scrap in 1946. Built in WW1 as battlecruisers, they were modernised and upgraded in the 1930s. The Japanese battleship Kongô, a ship with a magical name and an important history, was budgeted in 1910 and ordered from the British shipbuilder Vickers in January 1911. From October 1933 to November 1934, Kongō was the flagship of the Japanese Combined Fleet, before being placed in reserve when the flag was transferred to Yamashiro. [5], Japanese sources universally give the date for Kongō's keel-laying as 24 September 1875—the same as that for the awarding of the contract—but historian Hans Langerer describes this as improbable, arguing that no shipyard would order enough material to begin construction without cash in hand. Kongō (金剛, “Indestructible Diamond”), named for the mountain, was the first battleship of her class, serving in both the first and second world wars.At the time of construction in the early 1910s she was a capital ship (the last Japanese Capital ship to be built outside of Japan) and was among the most heavily armed ships in any Navy. pp. [18] During that cruise, on 21 March 1898, the ship was re-designated as a 3rd-class coast defense ship, although she retained her training duties. [1], During the reconstructions that each ship underwent during the interwar period, most of the armour of the Kongō class was heavily upgraded. [38] She was removed from the Navy List on 20 January 1945. The high-pressure turbines drove the wing shafts while the low-pressure turbines drove the inner shafts. Her tenure there was brief as she was recalled home on 5 July as tensions rose before the First Sino-Japanese War. After the war, she alternated between being based in Japan and patrolling off Japanese ports. All of the 172-millimeter guns were positioned as chase guns, two forward and one aft. She was the first battlecruiser of the Kongō class, among the most heavily armed ships in any navy when built. [14] The ship was assigned to the Small Standing Fleet in 1885 and the ship made port visits to Port Arthur and Chefoo in China and Jinsen in Korea the following year. [15] In 1944, Haruna was an escort during the Battle of the Philippine Sea and fought American surface vessels off Samar during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Kongō (金剛, Kongō) was the lead ship of the Kongō-class ironclad corvettes built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the 1870s. The IJN Kongo was first of a class of four-strong 26,230 ton battlecruisers for Japan and the last major Japanese warship to be built out of the country - the other three would be built in Japan. Kongō(金剛,Kongō?) The two remaining Kongō-class battleships spent most of 1943 shuttling between Japanese naval bases before participating in the major naval campaigns of 1944. [1] In 1911, the Japanese Diet passed the Emergency Naval Expansion Bill, authorizing the construction of one battleship (Fusō) and four armoured cruisers, to be designed by British naval architect George Thurston. [18] The ship played a minor role in the Russo-Japanese War before she was reclassified as a survey ship in 1906. [15] After a short patrolling duty off Sasebo, Haruna suffered a breech explosion during gunnery drills on 12 September 1920; seven crewmen were killed and the No. [3], Hiei was laid down at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 4 November 1911, launched 21 November 1912, and commissioned at Sasebo 4 August 1914, attached to the Third Battleship Division of the First Fleet. [44][45] When the fleet encountered Rear Admiral Daniel Callaghan's Task Group in Ironbottom Sound, the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ensued. [25] Haruna ultimately carried 118 guns in 30 triple, two twin, and 24 single mounts. English Articles. Quite the same Wikipedia. Background History Edit. [21], The Kongō class's secondary armament changed significantly over time. While Whitley and Combined Fleet agree on a starting date of 1 June 1935, Breyer uses January 1936; all sources agree that it ended in January 1937, but Breyer uses a more general "January 1937", rather than the exact date given by Whitley and Combined Fleet. [15], Japanese naval ship classes of World War I. Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter (1977). The ships had a stowage capacity of 4,200 long tons (4,300 t) of coal and 1,000 long tons (1,000 t) of oil, giving them a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). Whitley gives 20 October 1928 to 20 September 1931. As an island nation, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was consistently the forefront of Japan's military, characterized by advanced development of naval technology, quality shipbuilding and superb seamanship. [5] The ship was reboilered at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in 1889; the new boilers proved to be less powerful during sea trials, with Kongō reaching a maximum speed of 12.46 knots (23.08 km/h; 14.34 mph) from 2,028 ihp (1,512 kW). These guns were fitted on both sides of the fore and aft superstructures in four twin-gun mounts. [40] Hiei was scuttled northwest of Savo Island on the evening of 13 November by Japanese destroyers. Commissioned August 16, 1913 into the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) as Kongō, named after Mount Kongō in Osaka Prefecture in Japan as the first super-dreadnought type battlecruiser. [24] The 25 mm guns were mounted on the Kongō class in single, double, and triple mounts. The process upgraded her propulsion capabilities, enabled her to carry and launch floatplanes, increasing her armour capacity by over 4,000 tons,[7] and was shortly thereafter reclassified as a Battleship. The Kongō-class battlecruiser (金剛型巡洋戦艦, Kongō-gata jun'yōsenkan) was a class of four battlecruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) immediately before World War I.Designed by British naval architect George Thurston, the lead ship of the class, Kongō, was the last Japanese capital ship constructed outside Japan, by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness. Armed with eight 12-inch (30.5 cm) main guns, Invincible rendered all current—and designed—Japanese capital ships obsolete by comparison. She was formally commissionedin … Due to… was the lead ship of the Kongō-class ironclad corvettes built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the 1870s. Category:Kongō (ship, 1913) From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. During this engagement Kongō and Haruna bombarded Henderson Field with 430 14-inch and 33 6-inch shells on 13 October 1942. In Ahlberg, Lars. [15], Kongō began another cadet cruise on 24 September 1892 and visited Vancouver and San Francisco. [36] During the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Kongō sortied as part of Admiral Kurita's Center Force, scoring hits on an American escort carrier and sinking or damaging two destroyers during the Battle off Samar. [3] On 23 August 1914, Japan formally declared war on the German Empire as part of her contribution to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and Kongō was deployed near Midway Island to patrol the communications lines of the Pacific Ocean, attached to the Third Battleship Division of the First Fleet. [10], The Kongō-class corvettes had a wrought-iron armor waterline belt 4.5 inches (114 mm) thick amidships that tapered to 3 inches (76 mm) at the ends of the ship. Designed by British naval architect George Thurston, the lead ship of the class was the last Japanese capital ship constructed outside of Japan as the latter three were built in Japanese shipyards. [20] Both ships were equipped with eight submerged 533-millimetre (21.0 in) torpedo tubes, four on each broadside. KONGO is the only IJN battleship sunk by a submarine during the war and the last battleship ever sunk by a submarine. In Ahlberg, Lars. Recent. Kongō-gata jun'yōsenkan?) [3][30] Kongō and Hiei were part of the Second Fleet Main Body during the Battle of Midway, but were diverted north on 9 June to assist in the invasion of the Aleutian Islands. While, Imperial Service Ships were used by Japanese royalty for naval transport, "IJN KIRISHIMA: Tabular Record of Movement", Japanese naval ship classes of World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kongō-class_battlecruiser&oldid=995040079, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 10,000 nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph), Sunk by US aircraft, 28 July 1945; broken up from 1946. IJN Kongo. [17] These guns and their turrets underwent multiple modernizations throughout the ships' careers. Following the completion of these modifications, which increased top speeds to over 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), all four were reclassified as fast battleships. They had a draft of 8.22 meters (27 ft 0 in) and displaced 27,384 metric tons (26,952 long tons) at normal load. The Kongō class battlecruiser was a class of four battlecruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy immediately before World War I. pp. [7], The primary armament of the Kongō class consisted of eight 14"/45 guns, mounted in four superfiring twin-gun turrets. [26] Vickers Cemented was used in the construction of the Kongō, while the original armour of the other three was constructed of a variation of Krupp Cemented Armour, designed by the German Krupp Arms Works. [10] The boilers, arranged in eight compartments, were mixed-firing with fuel oil sprayed onto the coal for extra power. [27] The armour upgrades increased the displacement by close to 4,000 tons on each ship, violating the terms of the Washington Treaty. Kongō resumed her training duties after the war, though she also played a minor role in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. [20] During their second reconstruction, two of these guns were removed from each ship, leaving fourteen 15 cm guns. 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